°¢ÁÖ
1) Greer(1971), Strickland and Weiss(1976), Martin(1979).
2) ±¤°í¿Í ½ÃÀ屸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀÇ´Â Commanor & Wilson(1976)°ú Butter G. R. (1976) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
3) À̱Ծï, "Çѱ¹Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ ½ÃÀ屸Á¶¡¤ÇàÅ¡¤¼º°úÀÇ »óÈ£°ü°èºÐ¼®." <Çѱ¹°³¹ß¿¬±¸> (Çѱ¹°³¹ß¿¬±¸¿ø, 1981³â ¿©¸§È£), pp.141-157. ±¤°í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ê¾÷Á¶Á÷·ÐÀû ÀνÄÀÇ ½Ã¹ß.
4) Á¶º´ÅÃ, "»ê¾÷Á¶Á÷·ÐÀÇ Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ý¿¡ °üÇÑ ºñ°üÀû Àü¸Á - Harvard ÇÐÆÄ¿Í Chicago ÇÐÆÄ¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î", <°æÁ¦¿¬±¸>, Á¦4±Ç 2È£ (ÇѾç´ëÇб³ °æÁ¦ ¿¬±¸¼Ò, 1984). pp.103-l39.
5) N. Kaldor, "The Economic Aspects of Advertising," Review of Economic Studies, 1950. v18(45), pp.1-27.
6) Dorfman, Robert and P. 0. Steiner. "Optimal Advertising And Optimal Quality." American Economic Review, 1954. v44(5), pp.826-836. ¿©±â¿¡¼ÀÇ ³íÀÇ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡¼ ÀüÀçÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
7) Dorfman Robert and P. 0. Steiner. "0ptimal Advertising And Optimal Quality." American Economic Review, 1954. v44(5). p.829.
8)´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¿¹´Â ÈÀåǰ°ú °¡ÀüÁ¦Ç° »ê¾÷ÀÇ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
9) Kaldor, Nicholas. op. cit., 1950, pp.1-27.
10) Bain. J. S. Industrial Organization, New York : John Wiley and Sons. 1959. pp.173-175, À̰½Ä, <±¤°íÀÇ »ê¾÷Á¶Á÷·ÐÀû ¿¬±¸>, ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§ ³í¹®, ¼º±Õ°ü´ë, 1989, 6. p.20.¿¡¼ ÀüÀç.
11) Spence. A. Michael, "Notes On Advertising, Economies Of Scale, And Entry Barriers." Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1980. v95(3). pp.493-508.
12) Comanor, William S. and Thomas A. Wilson. "Advertising Market Structure And Performance." Review Of Economics and Statistics. 1967. v49(4), pp.423-440.
13) W. S. Comanor and T. A. Wilson. Advertising and Market Power. Cambridge Harvard Press, 1974. chapter 3 and 4. ¹ÚÇØ¿ë. <±¤°íÀÇ ½ÃÀå°æÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¿°úÀÇ ½ÇÁõºÐ¼®>, ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§ ³í¹®, ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³, 1991. 6. pp.5-6¿¡¼ ÀüÀç.
14) Schmalensee, Richard, "Brand Loyalty And Barriers To Entry." Southern Economic Journal, 1974. v40(4). Pp.579-585.
15) Cubin. John. "Advertising And The Theory Of Entry Barriers." Economica, 1981. v48(191). pp. 289-298. CubinÀº SchmalenseeÀÇ °ßÇØ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ±âÁ¸±â¾÷°ú ½Å±ÔÁøÀÔ±â¾÷°£¿¡ ¼ö¿ä¿Í ºñ¿ë¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ´ëĪÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ÁøÀÔÀ庮ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÊÀ» º¸À̰í ÀÖ´Ù. Áï ±âÁ¸±â¾÷Àº ±¤°í¸¦ Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¸¸À¸·Îµµ ÁøÀÔÀ庮À» Çü¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
16) À̱ԾÀ±Ã¢È£, <»ê¾÷Á¶Á÷·Ð>. ¹ý¹®»ç. 1994. p.294.
17) Comanro, William S. and Thomas A. Wilson. op. cit., 1967, pp.423-30.
18) Nelson. Phillip. "Advertising As Information." Journal of Political Economy, 1974. v82(4), pp.729-754.
19) Butters, Gerard R. "A Survey Of Advertising And Market Structure," American Economic Review, 1976. v66(2), pp.392-97.
20) Telser, Lester G. "Advertising And Competition." Journal of Political Economy, 1964. v72(6), pp.537-562.
21) Ehrlich, lssac and Lawrence Fisher., The Derived Demand For Advertising: A Theoretical And Empirical Investigation." American Economic Review, 1982. v72(3). pp.366-388.
22) Benham. Lee.'The Effects Of Advertising On Price Of Eyeglasses." Journal of Law and Economic Literature, 1980. v18(3). pp.1063-1065.
23) À̰ÍÀº KaldorÀÇ °¡¼³·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
24) À̼º¼ø, "±¤°íÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû È¿°ú¿Í ±ÔÁ¦." <Çѱ¹°æÁ¦>, Çѱ¹»ê¾÷¿¬±¸¼Ò, ¼º±Õ°ü´ë. 1987. pp.141-170.
25) Bainm Joe S., Industrial Organization, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1968. À̼º¼ø, "±¤°íÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû È¿°ú¿Í ±ÔÁ¦." <Çѱ¹°æÁ¦>, Çѱ¹»ê¾÷¿¬±¸¼Ò, ¼º±Õ°ü´ë, 1987, pp.141-170.
26) Telser, Lester G. "Advertising And Competition." Journal of Political of Political Economy, 1964, v72(6), 537-562.
27) Mann. H. M., J. A. Henning and J. W. Meehan. Jr. "Advertising And Market Concentration: Comment." Southern Economic Journal, 1973, v39(3), pp.448-450.
28) Nelson, Philip, "Advertising information," Journal of Political Economy, 1974. v82(4). pp. 729-754.
29) À̼º¼ø. "±¤°íÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû È¿°ú¿Í ±ÔÁ¦." op. cit., pp.141-170.
30) Greer, Douglas F. "Advertising And Market Concentration." Southern Economic Journal, 1971, v38(1). pp.19-32.
31) À̱Ծï, 'Çѱ¹Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ ½ÃÀ屸Á¶-ÇüÅÂ-¼º°úÀÇ »óÈ£Àΰú°ü°èÀÇ ºÐ¼®, <Çѱ¹°³¹ß¿¬±¸>, Á¦3±Ç 2È£, Çѱ¹°³¹ß¿¬±¸¿ø, 1981(b). pp.141-157. : ±¤°í¿Í ÁýÁßµµ°£ÀÇ ºñ¼±Çü°ü°è ÀÔÁõ. À̼º¼ø, "±¤°íÀÇ °æÁ¦ Àû È¿°ú¿Í ±ÔÁ¦," <Çѱ¹°æÁ¦>, Çѱ¹»ê¾÷¿¬±¸¼Ò, ¼º±Õ°ü´ë. 1987, pp.141-170. : ±¤°í¿Í ÁýÁßµµ°£ÀÇ ºñ¼±Çü°ü°è°¡ ¼º¸³ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ÀÔÁõ.
32) Comanor. William S. and Thomas A. Wilson. op. cit., 1967. pp,423-440.
33) Sutton, C. J. "Advertising, Concentration And Competition." The Economic Journal, 1974. v84(333). pp.56-69.
34) Reekie, W. Duncan, "Advertising, Concentration And Competition : Comment," The Economic Journal, 1975. v85(337), pp.156-164.
35) Ree. R. D. "Advertising, Concentration And Competition : Comment," The Economic Journal, 1975. v85(337), pp.165-172.
36) »ê¾÷Á¶Á÷·Ð¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹èºÐÈ¿À²¼º(allocative efficiency) ȤÀº ³ÐÀº ÀǹÌÀÇ ÀÌÀ±À²ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ÁöÇ¥·Î ¨Í ((¸ÅÃâ-ºñÀÚº»ºñ¿ë-°¨°¡»ó°¢-(ÀÌÀÚ* ÅõÀÚ)) /¸ÅÃâ)ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÏ´Â Á¼Àº ÀǹÌÀÇ ÀÌÀ±À² ÁöÇ¥. ¨Î ((ȸ°èÀÌÀ±-¼¼±Ý-ÀÌÀÚ)/ ÀÚ»ê)ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÏ´Â ÅõÀÚ¼öÀÍ·ü(rate of return on investment)ÁöÇ¥. ¨Ï ((¸ÅÃâ-Àç·áºñ-ÀΰǺñ)/ ¸ÅÃâ)ÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀ» ÃëÇÏ´Â LernerÁöÇ¥. ¨Ð TobinÀÇ q µîÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óÀÌÇÑ ±âÁØ Áß ¾î´À°ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´À³Ä¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÌÀ±À²ÀÇ ÃøÁ¤Ä¡´Â ¹Î°¨ÇÏ°Ô º¯ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç »ê¾÷°£ ȤÀº ±â¾÷°£ ȸ±ÍºÐ¼®ÀÇ °á°ú ¶ÇÇÑ ´Þ¶óÁú ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. À̱Ծï, À¯½Â¹Î, <±¤ °íÀÇ »ê¾÷Á¶Á÷°ú ±ÔÁ¦>., Çѱ¹°³¹ß¿¬±¸¿ø 1992.9. p.88. ÂüÁ¶.
37) Comanor, William S. and Thomas A. Wilson. op. cit., 1967. pp.423-440.
38) Butters, Gerard R. op. cit., 1976, pp.392-397.
39) Bloch, Harry. The Effect Of Advertising Of Advertising On Competition." Journal of Economic Literature, 1979. vl7(2). pp.453-476.
40) Martin, Stephen. "Advertising, Concentration, And Profitability: The Simultaneity Problem." Bell Journal of Economics, 1979. v10(2), pp.639-647.
41) Kaldor, N. and Silverman, R.A Statistical Analysis of Advertising Expenditure and Revenue of the Press. Cambridge University Press. 1948. À̱ԾÀ¯½Â¹Î, <±¤°íÀÇ »ê¾÷Á¶Á÷°ú ±ÔÁ¦>, Çѱ¹°³¹ß¿¬±¸¿ø. 1992. 9. p.81.¿¡¼ ÀüÀç.
42) Telser, Lester G. op. cit.. 1964, pp.537-562.
43) Mann. H. M., J. A. Henning and J. W. Meehan, Jr. op. cit., 1973. pp.448-450.
44) Marcus, Matityahe. "Advertising And Changes In Concentration." Southern Economic Journal, 1969, v36(2), pp.117-121.
45) Comanor, W. S. and Wilson, T. A., Advertising and Market Power, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1974, pp.153-163. ¹ÚÇØ¿ë, <±¤°íÀÇ ½ÃÀå°æÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¿°úÀÇ ½ÇÁõºÐ¼®>, ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§³í¹®, ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³, 1991. 6. p.24.¿¡¼ ÀüÀç.
46) Strickland. Allen D. and Leonard W. Weiss," Advertising, Concentration, And Price-Cost Margins." Journal of Political Economic, 1976. v84(5). pp.1109-1122.
47) Martin. Stephen, op. cit., 1979. pp.639-647.
48) Kardasz, Stanley W. and Kenneth R. Stolley, "Prfits And Advertising In Canadian Manufacturing : A Simultaneous Model," Quarterly Review of Economics and Business, 1982. v22(4), pp.105-115.
49) Nelson. Phillip, John Siegfried and John Howell, "A Simultaneous Equations Model Of Coffee Brand Pricing And Advertising," Review of Economics and Statistics, 1992. v74(1). pp.54-63.
50) À̱Ծï. op. cit., 1981(b). pp.141-157.
51) ½ÅÀǼø, "Çѱ¹ Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ ½ÃÀ屸Á¶¿Í ÀÌÀ±¼º°£ »óÈ£°ü°èÀÇ ½ÇÁõÀû ¿¬±¸." <»ê¾÷°ú °æ¿µ>, Á¦20±Ç 2È£. ¿¬¼¼´ë, »ê¾÷°æ¿µ¿¬±¸¼Ò, 1983. pp.77-104.
52) À̼º¼ø, op. cit., 1987. pp.141-157.
53) ÃÖÁ¤Ç¥, "±¤°í¿Í ½ÃÀå°æÀïÀÇ »ê¾÷Á¶Á÷·ÐÀû ºÐ¼®." <±¹Á¦°æÁ¦¿¬±¸>. Á¦5Áý, ¼¼Á¾´ë, Çѱ¹°æÁ¦¿¬±¸ ¼Ò, 1986. 7. pp.81-100.
54) Á¤°©¿µ, "½ÃÀ屸Á¶¿Í ±Ô¸ðÀÇ °æÁ¦." <»ê¾÷°ú °æ¿µ>, Á¦23±Ç 2È£, ¿¬¼¼´ë »ê¾÷°æÁ¦¿¬±¸¼Ò, 1986. pp. 121-141.
55) Jeong, K. Y. and Mason, R. T. "Market Structure, Entry. and Performance in Korea." The Review of Economics and Statistics. 1990. v72(3). pp.455-462.
56) °°æ½Ä, "±¤°íÁý¾àµµÀÇ °áÁ¤¿äÀÎ ºÐ¼®', ¼®»çÇÐÀ§ ³í¹®, ¼¿ï´ë. 1993.
57) ¹ÚÇØ¿ë, <±¤°íÀÇ ½ÃÀå°æÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¿°úÀÇ ½ÇÁõºÐ¼®>, ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§³í¹®, ¿¬¼¼´ë, 1991. 6.
58) À̼±Á¾, "½ÃÀåÁýÁßµµ, ±¤°í, ÀÌÀ±À²ÀÇ µ¿½Ã¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ ½ÇÁõÀû ¿¬±¸" ¿¬¼¼´ë, 1989.
59) À嵿ºó, '±¤°í°¡ ½ÃÀå°æÀï¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â °æÁ¦Àû È¿°úºÐ¼®." ¼®»çÇÐÀ§³í¹®, °Ç±¹´ë. 1994.
60) Orstein, Stanley 1, Industrial Concentration and Advertising Intensity, Washington, D. C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1977. À̱ԾÀ±Ã¢È£, <»ê¾÷Á¶Á÷·Ð>, ¹ý¹®»ç. 1994. p.82¿¡¼ ÀüÀç
61) Orstein, Stanley I. Industrial Concentration and Advertising Intensity, Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute. 1977. À̱ԾÀ±Ã¢È£, <»ê¾÷Á¶Á÷·Ð>, ¹ý¹®»ç. 1994. p.84¿¡¼ ÀüÀç.
62) °¢ ÀÚ·áÀÇ °æ¿ì ¹ßÇà±â°üÀÌ ¿¬µµ°¡ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó º¯µ¿µÇ¾ú´Ù. À繫ºÐ¼®ÀÇ °æ¿ì °æÁ¦±âȹ¿ø¿¡¼ »ê¾÷ÀºÇàÀ¸·Î »ê¾÷¼¾¼½º º¸°í¼¿Í ±¤°ø¾÷ Åë°èÁ¶»çº¸°í¼ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °æÁ¦±âȹ¿ø¿¡¼ ¹ßÇàµÇ´Ù°¡ °æÁ¦±âȹ¿ø¿¡¼ ºÐ¸®µ¶¸³ÇÑ Åë°èû¿¡¼ ¹ßÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
63) ºÐ¼®±â°£À» '93³â±îÁö ¿¬ÀåÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â Åë°èû¿¡¼ ¹ßÇàÇÑ ÃÑ»ç¾÷üÁ¶»çº¸°í¼(±¸. »ê¾÷¼¾¼½ºº¸°í¼)ÀÇ ÀÚ·áÁß ±¤°íºñ¿Í ¿¬±¸°³¹ßºñÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ Ç׸ñÀ¸·Î ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Æ º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ º¯¼öÀÎ ±¤°íºñ¸¦ ¿ªÃßÀû Çϱ⿡´Â ³Ê¹« ÀÚ·á»óÀÇ À§ÇèÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÇÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿¬±¸°³¹ßºñÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ À̸¦ ÃßÀûÇϱⰡ ¾î·Á¿ö¼ ºÐ¼®±â°£À» ¿¬ÀåÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °¢ ÀڷẰ·Î»ê¾÷ºÐ·ù°¡ ´Ù¸£°í ºÐ¼®¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â º¯¼öµéÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦°ªÀÌ ´Ù¸£±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚ·áÀÇ Àϰü¼ºÀ» À§Çؼ »ê¾÷¼¾¼½ºº¸°í¼¸¸ÀÇ ÀڷḦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù.
64) ½ÅÀǼø. op.cit., 1983. pp.77-104.
65) °úÁ¡»ê¾÷ÀÇ ±âÁØÀº »óÀ§ 3»ç ÁýÁß·üÀÌ 50%ÀÌ»óÀÎ »ê¾÷À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±âÁØÀº °¢ÀÚ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¸¶´Ù ÀÚÀǼºÀÇ °³ÀÔÀÌ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù.
66) À̱Ծï('81)ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¼ÒºñÀ硤»ý»êÀç ºÐ·ù±âÁØÀ» ÃÖÁ¾¼ö¿ä¾×/ÃÑ»êÃâ¾×À» »ç¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀº ÅõÀÚÁöÃâ°ú ¼ö ÃâÀüü¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ¼ÒºñºÎ¹®À¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
67) 25%¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î »ïÀº °ÍÀº ÀÓÀÇÀûÀÎ Ãø¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±âÁØÀº ¼ÒºñÀç»ê¾÷À̶ó°í ºÐ·ùµÇ´Â »ê¾÷ÀÇ ±âÁذú ´ëü·Î ÀÏÄ¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ¾à°£ÀÇ ÀÚÀǼºÀÌ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù.
68) Comanor, William S. and Thomas A. Wilson, op. cit., 1967 pp.423-440. À§ÀÇ ¹æ¹ý À̿ܿ¡µµ Weiss¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Survival Technique, J. S. BainÀÇ °øÇÐÀû ¹æ¹ý. ºñ¿ë°î¼±À» Á÷Á¢ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, G. J. StiglerÀÇ ÀûÀÚ»ýÁ¸¹ý µî MesÀÇ ÃøÁ¤¿¡´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ¾î´À ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀûÀýÇѰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â Àǹ®¿¡ Á¦±âµÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù.
69) Strickland, Allen D. and Leonard W. Weiss. 1986. op. cit., pp.1109-1122.
70) Martin, Stephen. "Entry Barriers. Concentration, and Profits." Southern Economic Journal, 1979, v46(2), pp.471-488.
71) ½ÅÀǼø, op. cit., <»ê¾÷°ú °æ¿µ>, 1983. pp.77-104.
72) Schmalensee. R. The Economics of Advertising, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1972. p.43 and p. 222. ¹ÚÇØ¿ë, <±¤°íÄ¡ ½ÃÀå°æÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¿°úÀÇ ½ÇÁõºÐ¼®>, ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§³í¹®, ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³, 1991.6. p. 23¿¡¼ ÀüÀç.
73) Gujarati, Damodar, N. Basic Econometrics, Second edition. McGRAW-HILL, INTERNAT10NAL EDITIONS, 1988. chapter 18Àå ÂüÁ¶.
´ÙÀ½ ÆäÀÌÁö·Î