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1) Bernard Rosenberg/ David Manning White(eds.), Mass Culture: The Popular Art in America (New York: The Free Price, 1957), p. 434.
2) ÀϹÝü°èÀ̷п¡¼´Â "»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ±¸¼º¿ä¼Òµé·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ÁýÇÕü¸¦ ü°è(system)·Î º»´Ù. ü°è´Â ´Ù½Ã ü°è¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ÇϺÎü°è·Î ³ª´©¾îÁö¸ç, ¶Ç ü°è´Â ±× ü°èµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ´Â »óºÎü°è¿Í ü°è¸¦ µÑ·¯½Î°í Àִ ȯ°æ°úÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°í ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀº Brent D. Ruben/ John Y. Kim(eds.), General System Theory and Human Communication, (Rochelle Park: Hayden Company, 1975) ÂüÁ¶.
3) William Leiss/ Stephen Klein/ Sut Jhally, Social Communication, in Advertising, (Toronto: Methuen, 1986), p. 11.
4) ±èÀÏö, "Çѱ¹»çȸÀÇ À籸Á¶È¿Í »çȸÀû ¼ÒÅë", ÀÓÈñ¼·Æí, ¡¸Çѱ¹»çȸÀÇ ¹ßÀü°ú ¹®È¡¹(¼¿ï: ³ª³², 1988), pp. 103-104.
5) Ibid., pp. 227-228.
6) ±èÀçÀº, ¡¸Çѱ¹°¡Á·ÀÇ ½É¸®: °¡Á·°ü°è ¹× Áý´Ü¼º°Ý¡¹(¼¿ï: ÀÌ´ëÃâÆÇ»ç, 1984), p. 34.
7) ¿À¼¼Ã¶, ¡¸¹®ÈÀÇ »çȸ½É¸® À̷С¹(¼¿ï:¹Ú¿µ»ç, 1978), p. 230.
8) ¾ÈÀÎÈñ/ÀÌ»ó±Ý/Á¤¼¼È, "Çѱ¹ ÇкθðµéÀÌ ¹Ù¶ó´Â ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ÀÚ³à»ó ¿¬±¸", ¡¸Çѱ¹¹®È ¿¬±¸¿ø ³íÃÑ¡¹(¼¿ï: ÀÌÈ¿©´ë) 16Áý, 1970, pp. 341-364; 17Áý, 1972, pp. 273-283; 18Áý, pp. 252-283.
9) ¹é»óâ, "Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Á¤Ä¡·áÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ÀÀ¿ë", Á¤½Å¹®È¿¬±¸¿ø(Æí), ¡¸Çѱ¹ÀÇ »çȸ¿Í ¹®È¡¹Á¦4Áý(Á¤½Å¹®È¿¬±¸¿ø, 1984), pp. 273-313.
10) ÀÓÈñ¼·, ¡¸Çѱ¹ »çȸº¯µ¿°ú ¹®Èº¯µ¿¡¹(¼¿ï; Çö¾Ï»ç, 1984), pp. 23-24.
11) Dennis McQuail, Mass Communication Theory, (Beverly Hills: SAGE 1983), p. 79.
12) Raymond Williams, Marxism and literature, (London: Oxford University Press), pp. 108-109. À̰¼ö, ¡¸¸Å½º Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀÌ¼Ç »çȸÇС¹(¼¿ï: ³ª³², 1987), p. 166¿¡¼ ÀçÀοë.
13) F. T. Marquez, "The Relationship of Advertising and Culture in the Philippines," Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 52, No. 3, (Autumn, 1975), pp. 436-442.
14) Papers Nath Singh/ Sophia Chang Huang, "Some Sociocultural and Psychological Determinants of Advertising in India: A Comparative Study", The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 57, 1962, pp. 131-132.
15) Stephen J. F. Unwin, "How Culture, Age and Sex Affect Advertising Response", Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 50, 1973, pp. 146-153.
16) Harold M. Kassarjian, "Social Character and Differential Preference for Mass Communication", Journal of Marketing Resources, Vol. 2, May, 1965, pp. 146-153.
17) Pravat K. Choudhury/ Lawnence S. Schmid, 'Black Models in Advertising to Blacks", Journal of Advertising Research, Vol.14, June, 1974, pp. 19-22.
18) J. M. Lenormand, "Is Europe Ripe for the Intergration of Advertising?", The International Advertiser, March, 1964, p. 5.
19) Ernest Dichter, "The International Communication Gaps", The International Advertiser, Vol. 11, 1970, pp. 28-29.
20) Dennis McQuail, op. Cit., pp. 130-131.
21) Sut Jhally, The Code of Advertising: Fetishism and the Political Economy of Meaning in the Consumer Society, (London: Frances Printer Publishers, 1987); William Less/ Stephen Klein/ Sut Jhally, Social Communication in Advertising, (Toronto:Methuen, 1986).
22) ¼ÛÀ¯Àç, "±¤°í¿¡ ¹Ý¿µµÈ Çѱ¹¿©¼º»ó ¿¬±¸", ÀÌÈ¿©ÀÚ´ëÇб³ Çѱ¹¹®È ¿¬±¸¿ø, ¡¸³íÃÑ¡¹Á¦5Áý, 1987, pp. 181-227.
23) ±èÅÂÈ£, "Çѱ¹±¤°í 100³âÀ» ÅëÇÑ ±¤°íÇ¥Çö º¯È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÁõÀû ¿¬±¸", ¡¸»çº¸Á¦Àϱâȹ¡¹1986, pp. 16-22.
24) ¹èÇö¼®, "Çѱ¹ÀâÁö ±¤°í¹°¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ¹®ÈÀû Ư¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸", ¼®»çÇÐÀ§ ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø ½Å¹®¹æ¼ÛÇаú, 1985.
25) ¿ìÇö¼÷, "Çѱ¹ ÀâÁö±¤°íÀÇ ¼º°Ý°ú °¡Ä¡Ç¥Çö¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸", ¼®»çÇÐÀ§³í¹®, ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ½Å¹®¹æ¼ÛÇаú, 1989.
26) R. Williams, "Base and Super Structure in Marxist Cultural Theory", Problems in Materialsm and Culture, (London: UNESCO, 1980), p. 34; °¿¬Èñ, "Çѱ¹ ±¤°í»ê¾÷°ú ±¤°í¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÆÇÀû ¿¬±¸, ¼®»çÇÐÀ§³í¹®, ÀÌÈ¿©ÀÚ´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø »çȸÇаú, 1988, pp. 28-29. ÀçÀοë.
27) Edward B. Taylor, Quoted in A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concept and Definitions, (New York: Random House, 1973), p. 81.
28) ¿ÀµÎ¹ü, ¡¸±¤°í Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ½Å·Ð¡¹(¼¿ï: Àü¿¹¿ø, 1989), p. 400.
29) ±è±¤¹®/¹ÚÁ¾Æò ¿ª, ¡¸º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â Â÷¿ø¡¹(The Hidden Dimension): ±¤°£ÀÇ Áö°¢, (¼¿ï: ÇüÁ¦»ç, 1976), p. 7.
30) David Bidney, "Cultural Relativism", International Encyclopedia of the Social Science, Vol. 3, (New York: The Macmillan Company & The Free Press, 1974), p. 545.
31) Glenn, Christine G., Man & Mankind : Conflict and Communication Between Cultures, (New York: ABLEX Publishing Corporation, 1982), pp. 1-6.
32) Vernon E. Cronen/Roberts Shuter, "Forming Intercultural Bonds", in William B. Gudykunst(ed.), Intercultural Communication Theory, (Beverly Hills: SAGE, 1983), p. 109.
33) John C. Condon/Fathi Yousef, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication, (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merill Educational Publishing, 1983), pp. 57-62.
34) Richard E. Porter/Larry A. Samovar, "Communicating Interculturally", in L. A. Samovar and R. E. Porter(eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Leader, (Belmont: Wadsworth, 1976), pp. 9-23.
35) F. T. Marquez´Â "The Relationship of Advertising and Culture in the Philippines"¿¡¼ ÀÌ6°³ÀÇ º¯¼ö¿¡ ½Ã°£°ú °ø°£°³³ä ¹× ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ °³³äÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ9°³ÀÇ º¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¹èÇö¼®Àº "Çѱ¹ÀâÁö ±¤°í¹°¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ¹®ÈÀû Ư¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸"¿¡¼ ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ °³³äÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí8°³ÀÇ °³³äÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ½Ã°£ ¹× °ø°£ÀÇ °³³äÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦±¤°í¹°¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ °ÍÀº ½Ã°£°³³ä5.9%, °ø°£°³³äÀÌ3.9%¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã »óǰÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡ Å©°Ô Á¿ìµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª Á÷Á¢ ºñ±³°¡ ¾î·Á¿ü´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼ ºÐ¼®ÀÌ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î Á¦¿Ü½ÃÄ×´Ù. F. T. Marquez, op. Cit., pp. 241-242. ¹èÇö¼®, op. Cit., 1987, pp. 11-12.
36) ¿ÀµÎ¹ü, op. cit., pp. 403-404.
37) Ibid., p. 404 ¿¡¼ ÀçÀοë.
38) Aifred G. Smith(ed.), Communication and Culture: Reading in the Codes of Human Interaction, (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966), p. 6.
39) Condon/ Yousef, op. cit., p. 4.
40) Karl Erik Rosengren, "Mass Media and Social Change: Some Current Approaches", in Elihu Karts and Tamas Szecsko(eds.), Mass Media and Social Change, (Beverly Hills: SAGE, 1981), pp. 248-249. ¹èÇö¼®, op. cit., pp. 13-15 ¿¡¼ ÀçÀοë.
41) Judith Williamson, Decoding Advetising: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising, (London: The camelot Press, 1985), p. 11.
42) ½ÅÀμ·(Æí), ¡¸±¤°í Ç¥Çö·Ð¡¹(¼¿ï: ³ª³², 1982), p. 212.
43) Bernard Berelson, Content Analysis in Communication Research, (Glencoe: The Free Press, 1952), p. 18.
44) Ibid, p. 19.
45) ¿ÀµÎ¹ü, op. cit., p. 36.
46) Çѱ¹ÀϺ¸»ç(Æí) "Àüȯ±âÀÇ Çѱ¹»çȸ Á¶»çÀÚ·áÁý II", ¡¸Çѱ¹ Áß»êÃþ¡¹(¼¿ï: Çѱ¹ÀϺ¸»ç, 1987).
47) ÀÌÈ¿ÀÏ, "ÀâÁö±¤°íÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÁöÆòÀÌ ¿¸°´Ù", ¡¸¿¬ÇÕ±¤°í¡¹, 1985³â 8¿ù, P. 11.
48) ¿ÀµÎ¹ü, op. cit., pp. 57-58.
49) Stuart A. Queen/ Robert W. Habenstein, "Cultural Variations in Family," in L. A. Samovar and R. E. Porter (eds.), op. cit., p. 54.
50) R. E. Porter/ L. A. Samvar, op. cit., p. 10.
51) ÀÌ»óö, ¡¸Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ¹ß´Þ»ç¡¹(¼¿ï: ÀÏÁö»ç, 1982), pp. 116-120.
52) Â÷¹è±Ù, ¡¸»çȸ°úÇבּ¸¹æ¹ý¡¹(¼¿ï: ¼¼¿µ»ç, 1981), p. 327.
53) ÀÓÈñ¼·, ¡¸Çѱ¹ÀÇ »çȸº¯µ¿°ú ¹®Èº¯µ¿¡¹(¼¿ï: ¹Ú¿µ»ç, 1983), p. 36.
54) Çѱ¹°¶·´Á¶»ç¿¬±¸¼Ò, ¡¸Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÇ °¡Á¤»ýȰ°ú Àڳ౳À°-Çѱ¹, ÀϺ», ¹Ì±¹, ÇÁ¶û½º, ¼µ¶, ¿µ±¹ 6°³±¹ Àǽı¸Á¶ ºñ±³Á¶»ç¡¹(¼¿ï: Çѱ¹ °¶·´Á¶»ç¿¬±¸¼Ò, 1983), p. 54.
55) ÀÓÈñ¼·, op. cit., 1983, p. 95.
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